Conceptual Overview

In a nutshell, this is LearningBuilder: (see also the Credentialing Industry overview)

A Learning Plan defines the data that need to be collected, and the requirements that need to be met, for a Practitioner to obtain a given Credential. In simple terms, the Learning Plan represents the application process that someone goes through to become credentialed.
Learning Plans are broken down into Task Groups to provide a logical, visual representation of the requirements.
As part of their application process, the Practitioner adds one or more Activity records to the Task Groups to provide the required information. Activities are general-purpose data containers and can be used to represent everything from "a course I took" to "some aspect about my personal history".
The data entry experience on an Activity is driven by a Workflow. Workflows are where we define the custom data fields that need to be collected and the process that is followed to collect them.
Once the Practitioner has submitted all of their Activities, and has fulfilled the application requirements, they can submit the Learning Plan. The Learning Plan has its own Workflow which governs the actual submission process which may include a manual review or audit by the credentialing organization.
At the conclusion of the Learning Plan's Workflow process, if the application is approved, then the Practitioner is considered to have earned the credential and their Member Role status is updated accordingly.

Or in other words:

Learning Plans model the application process for obtaining a Credential.
The data collected during the application process are stored within one or more Activities, each of which has a Workflow that describes the data fields that are collected and the process for entering them.
Once the application requirements are met, the Learning Plan goes through its own Workflow that models the approval process.
Upon successful completion, the Practitioner's Member Role is updated to reflect that they earned the Credential.